12km south of Arica you can find the Caves of Anzota, a geological rock formation shaped by the ocean. Centuries ago, the caves were the home of fishermen of the Chinchorro culture. They were the first humans to worship their ancestors and their deaths in form of mummification. Later, during the 19th century, the importance of the area was derived from the rocky coast, of which “guano” (plant fertilizer) for the Lluta and Azapa Valleys was extracted. At the caves, there are small paths for hiking and biking called “Paseo Cuevas de Anzota”, and stairways to enter the caves. In addition, you can find different level climbing routes.
The caves, also known as grottos of Anzota, do not only represent an interesting geology and unique rock structures but are also home to a fascinating history surrounding the Chinchorro culture and their practices of mummification about 9.000 years ago.
The caves of Anzota are located about 10 minutes away from the Morro of Arica, driving down the avenue Comandante San Martín. They are part of the mountain range of the coast, and their rocks provide a habitat for numerous birds, which play a crucial role in the production of guano (fertilizer). The extraction of guano, at the same time, was quite dangerous due to the rocky and slippery conditions. Today, this activity is prohibited, but one can still see remains of plugs and ropes which were used for the extraction. Other historic remains can be found within the caves. A sample of pre-Hispanic wall paintings decorate the inside of the caves, most of which are unfortunately damaged through vandalism and lack of respect for cultural value.
In June of 2016, the coastal walkway was opened, allowing visitors to discover the caves in about 15 minutes. Within the scope of this project, public bathrooms, supervised parking, bike lanes, benches and opening hours were established. Regarding this large investment, what truly stands out is the use of local material that fits to the rough style of the coast and the low degree of interference with nature.